The cup is on the table.ġ5 Grammatical To express past tense, Pidgin uses wen (went) in front of the verb. When the verb "to be" refers to a temporary state or location, the word stay is often used. the copula) are omitted when referring to inherent qualities of an object or person. mental is often pronounced mento people is pronounced peepo.ġ4 Grammatical English "to be" (i.e. Dia (deer), pua (poor), stoa (store), faia (fire), and waelfea (welfare).ġ3 Pronunciation The sound l at the end of a word is often pronounced o or ol. In the place of ‘r’ at the end of vowels in English, HCE has syllable ‘a’ followed by ‘i’, ‘u’, ‘o’, ‘ai’, or ‘e’. car is often pronounced cah, and letter is pronounced letta.
tink ‘think’, bot ‘both’, and fada ‘father’Įx. Established aroundġ1 Pronunciation Voiced and unvoiced ‘th’ Hawaiian Pidgin English acquired as first language. Spoke only Hawaiian Pidgin English to 2nd Generation. 1st generation learned pidgin in school.ĩ Development of Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) Spoken in ethnic groups in mixed urban areas. Continued decline in Hawaiian population.Ĩ Expanded Pidgin Pidgin being used outside of plantation Gradual replacement of Hawaiians on plantation. Increase in English Schools and decrease in Hawaiian Schools. 1835 – First sugar cane plantationĥ History 1835 – Hawaiian language dominantġ835 – Decreased use on the plantation 1874 – Increase in sugar cane acres 1875 – Decrease in Hawaiians 1876 – Ratification of Reciprocity TreatyĬhina Japan Pacific Islands Portugal Puerto Rico Korea Philippinesħ Development of Hawaiian Pidgin English (HPE)Ĭhange from Hawaiian to English. 1805 – Disease plagues indigenous population. Cook ( England ).ġ790 – Port between China and W. (Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Korean, etc.)Ĥ First Contact 1778 – European contact- Capt. Primarily English, but other languages are involved as well. 2 Contents: Introduction First Contact History Introduction to Pidginĭevelopment of Hawaiian Creole English Pronunciation Grammar HCE Today Issues with HCE Bibliography Mediaģ Introduction Classified as Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) but still referred to as Pidgin.
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